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Objective: Suicide is one of the leading causes of death in the world. The present research aimed to investigate the moderating role of thwarted belongingness, perceived burdensomeness, and suicidal capability in suicidal ideation, behavior, and attempts among the Iranian population. Method(s): The data were analyzed using cross-sectional regression models. The population of this study included 600 students of the University of Mohaghegh Ardabili. The tools used to collect the data in this study were the Patient Health Questionnaire-2, the Depressive Symptom Index-Suicidality Subscale (DSI-SS), the Suicide Attempt Questionnaire, the Interpersonal Needs Questionnaire (IPTS), the Suicide Capacity Scale-3, the Adverse Childhood Experiences, the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Questionnaire, and the Suicidal Behaviors Questionnaire-Revised. Result(s): The results of this study showed that there was an interaction between thwarted belongingness and perceived burdensomeness in suicidal behavior and DSI-SS. The results also showed that the acquired and practical capability subscales (suicidal capability) strengthen the relationship between suicidal behavior and the DSI-SS, on the one hand, and suicide attempt, on the other hand. Conclusion(s): The findings of the study showed that the interpersonal theory of suicide can pave the way to prevent suicidal ideation and behavior in Iranian society, and it is recommended that Iranian practitioners apply the theory in practice.Copyright © 2022 Yerkure Tanitim ve Yayincilik Hizmetleri A.S.. All rights reserved.
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Background: Case study: Conclusion(s): The purpose of the study was twofold: (1) to present post-COVID-19 syndrome, which involves a variety of ongoing neurological, neuropsychiatric, neurocognitive, emotional and behavioral disorders resulting from SARS-CoV-2 infection followed by a severe course of COVID-19 treated in long term pharmacologically induced coma in a visual artist, which impacted on her artwork;(2) to present QEEG/ERP results and neuropsychological testing results in the evaluation of the effectiveness of a comprehensive neurotherapy program, with individualized EEG-Neurofeedback, and art-therapy in the reduction of post-COVID-19 syndrome in this artist. Ms. G., 42, a visual artist, portraitist, with good health, became ill in May 2022. Allegedly flu symptoms appeared first. After a few days, shortness of breath joined in. The PCR test for SARS-CoV-2 was positive. The patient was hospitalized, referred to the ICU, put on a respirator and treated over 11days of a pharmacologically induced coma. Two months after leaving hospital the patient developed post-COVID-19 syndrome. She was diagnosed by an interdisciplinary team: a neurologist, neuropsychiatrist and neuropsychologist. A PET scan of her brain revealed extensive changes involving a loss of metabolism in various brain areas. The presence of complex post-COVID, neurological, neuropsychiatric, neurocognitive, emotional and behavioral disorders was found and a neuropsychiatrist suggested a diagnosis of post-COVID schizophrenia. She was refered to the Reintegration and Training Center of the Polish Neuropsychological Society.We tested the working hypothesis as to the presence of schizophrenia and there was no reduction in the difference of ERPs waves under GO/NOGO task conditions, like in the reference group with schizophrenia (see also Pachalska, Kaczmarek and Kropotov 2021). The absence of a functional neuromarker for schizophrenia allowed us to exclude this diagnosis and to propose a new disease entity, that being post-COVID-19 syndrome. She received a comprehensive two-component program of neurotherapy: (1) program A consisting in goal-oriented neuropsychological rehabilitation, including art therapy (see also: Pachalska 2008;2022b), and (2) program B, based on the most commonly used form of EEG-Neurofeedback: frequency/ power EEG-Neurofeedback, using 2 bipolar surface electrodes, with the protocols written for her specific needs (see also Thompson & Thompson 2012;Kropotov 2016). The comprehensive neurotherapy program lasted 10 weeks, EEG Neurofeedback and art therapy classes were conducted 3 times a week for 45 minutes each. We found that after the completion of the comprehensive neurotherapy program there was a statistically significant reduction in high beta activity compared to the normative HBI database, which is associated with a reduction of anxiety. Also, we observed the improvement of neurocognitive functioning in neuropsychological testing (a significant reduction of anxiety and a noticeable improvement in neurocognitive functions). It should be stressed that the artist was happy that she had regained the ability to create, and even sells her artwork, although her style of painting had changed. Almost all the neurological, psychiatric, neurocognitive, emotional and behavioral disturbances, were reduced in their severity. The artist showed marked improvement and was able to return to painting. The artwork she produced after her illness is in high demand with art collectors. It can be also helpful in the reintegration of the Self System, and the improvement in her quality of life. Human Brain Index (HBI) methodology might be very useful in diagnosing and developing therapies for patients with post-COVID-19 syndrome.Copyright © 2023, MEDSPORTPRESS Publishing House. All rights reserved.
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BACKGROUND: Digital devices have represented a fundamental resource for maintaining communication relationships during the period of restrictive measures imposed by the COVID-19 pandemic. However it is evident that this period has contributed to increase the risks connected to the inappropriate use of digital devices. The aim of our study is to demonstrate how the COVID-19 pandemic and the consequent lockdown had an impact on children's use of digital devices. METHOD(S): One hundred and thirty children aged between six and 18 from Montalto di Castro were recruited in the study carried out in November 2020. All participants were asked to fill in two identical questionnaires: questions of the first questionnaire were related to the pre-lockdown period, while questions of the second questionnaire were related to the period between March and November 2020. RESULT(S): The average age of the 130 participants was 11.8+/-2 years. The amount of time spent by using digital devices is significantly lower in the pre-lockdown period than in the lockdown period (P<0.02). The smartphone addiction index is significantly lower in the pre-lockdown period (P<0.001). The analysis of headaches in the early morning hours - considered as one of the effects deriving from the use of the smartphone before sleeping - showed a statistically significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). There are also significant differences related to physical activity and its frequency, with data showing the increase of children who did not perform physical activity (P<0.0001). CONCLUSION(S): This study does not only show a constant increase over time of the smartphone/tablet use, but also how the pandemic and social restrictions have worsened the phenomenon itself. This is particularly evident for the duration of exposure to screens, the addiction to smartphones, the quality of sleep and the practice of physical activity.Copyright © 2021 EDIZIONI MINERVA MEDICA.
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Background: Sydenham chorea, or rheumatic chorea, is a movement disorder that is more prevalent among young people, with a mean age at symptom onset between 8 and 9 years. The condition is more common in females. Sydenham chorea is associated with rheumatic fever and is considered the most common cause of acute chorea in children. We believe that the present case is worth reporting since the occurrence of Sydenham chorea as a post-COVID-19 sequela has not been described in Brazil. Case Presentation: We report here the case of a 14-year-old girl with symptoms of acute chorea that emerged 15 days after treatment resolution of COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2 or severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2). Brain computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging scans showed no changes, and the laboratory tests revealed no signs of an active infectious process. In contrast, neurological positron-emission tomography/CT showed mild glycolytic hypometabolism in the bilateral mesial frontal region. Administration of an oral anticonvulsant resulted in a marked improvement in her symptoms. Conclusion(s): Despite major efforts of the scientific community for discovering treatments, preventive methods, mechanisms of action, and possible sequelae of SARS-CoV-2, there is still a long way to go to better understand this devastating pathological agent that has affected the global population.Copyright © 2023 Camargo and Morcillo.
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Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and confinement have affected access to the health system and have impacted people's mental health, particularly families of children with autism spectrum di-sorder (ASD). Objective: To investigate the perceptions of parents of children with ASD regarding benefits, positive changes, and difficulties in behavioral management at home during the first con-finement due to COVID-19 in Chile. Subjects and Methods: We performed an exploratory cross-sectional qualitative study including 118 parents of individuals with ASD aged between 2 and 15 years. An online questionnaire, prepared by a multidisciplinary committee of national experts using Delphi methodology was applied, which contains four open-ended questions related to children's behavior (difficulties, improvements, benefits, and professional support required) during the pan-demic. Results: Parents perceived that confinement increased emotional stress for adults and chil-dren, which could exacerbate behavioral problems. The interviewees perceived improvements in child social-affective, individual autonomy, and communication skills. The family and resilience aspects, such as time-sharing that emerged during the pandemic to support children's needs, were appreciated. Parents also reported the need for professional support in behavioral and emotional management during confinement. Conclusion: Caregivers value the integration of the family into therapies during confinement. It is necessary to complement these results with additional studies exploring different life contexts of families with children with ASD in Chile and the impacts of long-term confinement.
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Background/Purpose: Pediatric Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) affects ~4000 young Americans each year. Steroids are essential to curative ALL treatment yet have significant neuropsychiatric side effects that decrease quality of life for patients and families. However, incidence and predisposing risk factors are not well understood. This review aims to describe the current literature on neuropsychiatric side effects of steroids in Pediatric ALL. Method(s): A precise search in PubMed and Embase was cultivated using controlled vocabulary terms (MeSH, Emtree) and keywords for the following concepts: pediatrics, steroids, side effects, cancer, and neurobehavioral manifestations. Keywords and controlled vocabulary for each subject were arranged logically and combined with other concepts by Boolean Logic, using the Boolean operator AND, resulting in 642 precise results exploring neurobehavioral side effects of steroids in children with cancer. Results (2010 to date of search) were imported into Covidence systematic review software, and reviewed by SB and AM. Result(s): Twenty-three articles met inclusion criteria. There is marked variability in research methodology and no standard measurement of neuropsychiatric symptoms. Commonly reported symptoms include mood swings, irritability, depression, anxiety, aggression, insomnia, mania, and psychosis with prevalence between 5% and 75%. Heterogeneous research methodology and descriptions of psychiatric symptoms make it difficult to determine risk factors, though dexamethasone, family psychiatric history, and younger age are consistently associated with greater risk of behavioral dysregulation. Genetic predisposition (Bcl1 polymorphism, SNPs in GR gene) may increase susceptibility to developing depression during treatment. Data suggest variable efficacy of antipsychotics, benzodiazepines, hydrocortisone, and potassium-chloride. Conclusions and Implications: Existing data about neuropsychiatric side effects of steroids in pediatric ALL is extremely heterogeneous, creating challenges for standardized assessment and treatment. The burden of these symptoms necessitates further research to identify and treat vulnerable patients. Standard measurement of these symptoms could be a first step in eventually alleviating this source of distress.
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Background: Gaming addiction is a compulsive mental health condition that can have severe negative consequences on a person's life. As online gaming has increased during the COVID-19 pandemic, studies have shown a heightened risk of mental health issues. This study aims to assess the prevalence of severe phobia and addiction to online gaming among Arab adolescents and identify risk factors associated with these disorders. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted across 11 Arab nations. Participants were recruited using convenience sampling through an online survey distributed on social media platforms in 11 Arab countries. The survey included demographic questions, the Nine-item Internet Gaming Disorder Scale-Short Form (IGDS-SF9) to measure participants' online gaming addiction, the Social Phobia Scale (SPS), and questions assessing the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the prevalence of internet gaming addiction. The data were analyzed using SPSS win statistical package version 26. Results: Out of 2,458 participants, 2,237 were included in the sample due to non-response and missing data. The average age of the participants was 19.9 ± 4.8 years, and the majority were Egyptian and unmarried. 69% of the participants reported playing more than usual since the COVID-19 pandemic, as they were confined to their homes. Higher social phobia scores were associated with being single, male, and Egyptian. Participants from Egypt and those who felt that the pandemic significantly increased their gaming time had higher scores for online gaming addiction. Several major criteria, such as playing hours per day and beginning gaming at an early age, were associated with a higher level of online gaming addiction with social phobia. Conclusion: The study's findings suggest that there is a high prevalence of internet gaming addiction among Arab adolescents and young adults who play online games. The results also indicate a significant association between social phobia and several sociodemographic factors, which may inform future interventions and treatments for individuals with gaming addiction and social phobia.
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Introduction: COVID-19 has killed more than 5 millions people worldwide. The effects on mental health are also significant, especially among healthcare personnel. Our aim is to determine the prevalence and the factors of sleep disorders on healthcare workers. Method Descriptive and analytical cross-sectional study including 87 healthcare workers during February 2022, using an anonymous online questionnaire containing personal data, the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Result(s): The average age was 31.71 +/- 5.93 years. Sex ratio was 1.04. The participants were doctors (69.6%) and paramedical staff (30.4%), 23.2% of them had comorbidities: cardiovascular pathologies (27.2%), respiratory pathologies (24.7%) psychiatric pathologies (18.1%), neurological pathologies (13.9%) and immunodeppression (11.2%). 86.3% were working in the public sector. 62.3% had worked in a COVID-19 unit. Severe clinical insomnia was found in 9.7% and moderate severity clinical insomnia in 13.1%. For the PSQI, 41.5% had an overall score>5, which is an indicator of sleep disorders. A sleep latency>30 minutes was observed (22%), nocturnal awakenings (15.9%), a feeling of fatigue at work (61%) and difficulty concentrating was reported in 38%. For behavioral disorders during sleep, participants had nightmares (35.2%), sleep paralysis (17.7%), sleep talking (10.9%), bruxism (1%) and somnombulism (1.2%). Sleep disorders were correlated with the presence of newborns or infants at home (p=0.001), the number of shifts and working hours per week (p=0.034) and the presence of psychiatric comorbidities (p<0.05). Conclusion(s): Sleep disorders among caregivers are quite common, long-term follow-up for better prevention and management is necessary.
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Although mental health issues and other behavioral disturbances do not always rise to the level of medical diagnostic criteria, the qEEG and neuron feed back community has demonstrated that multiple symptoms and behaviors in both clinical and nonclinical populations can be improved by EEG biofeedback. Neurophysiological changes and EEG abnormalities are often nonspecific to symptoms and expressed behaviors due to known confounds such as genetics, life experience, health status, brain injury, and now pandemic-related psychosocial stressors and neurological tissue damage from SARS-CoV2 infection. The traumatic brain injury field is familiar with this problem, widely acknowledging that no two TBIs are alike. Neurofeedback offers compelling potential to improve psychosocial and cognitive-affective functioning for millions who are suffering, without the use of medications, and the need has never been greater. However, despite a half-century of development in the field, neurotherapy has not expanded beyond its status as a boutique practice, with only about 7,500 practitioners in the United States at present. A lack of consensus regarding evaluations and protocol development has created confusion and mistrust in the scientific community and the public. Potential practitioners must navigate a steep learning curve and invest significant time and money in training, equipment, and continuing education. Current models are often dependent on complex clinical decision-making to determine which metrics are included in the feedback process. These decisions are in turn dependent on clinician training, equipment capabilities, and experience. Experienced clinicians continue to debate which failure mode in the brain should determine the feedback protocols used on any given subject. Within the last decade the complexity of protocol determination has exponentially increased as new modalities introduced various forms of external stimulation to drive brain processes or interrupt habitual circuit behaviors. Conventional models for assessing the effect of neuron feed back protocols have been insufficient to evaluate the constellation of outcomes reflecting changes in both homeostatic (internal) and allostatic (responses to external stimuli) processes, as can be demonstrated in a recent publication. Many interventions have not adequately appreciated and accounted for the complexity of the systems involved in producing any one component of EEG signal or in allowing for adequate response from a wide range of brain failure modes. A new model of delivery is emerging which can provide affordable, accessible, effective neurotherapy. This presentation will describe an artificial intelligence-driven approach that can individualize therapy on a large scale. We will discuss the evolution of prior neuron feed back paradigms and review recently published data that support the efficacy and rationale for using an integrated model of allodynamic, multinetwork neuron feed back training. These data will demonstrate that it is possible, using an algorithm-driven systemic paradigm, to individualize results within a heterogenous population of neurophysiologically dysfunctional brains..
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The rapid escalation of the COVID-19 pandemic poses a serious threat to the health of the global population. This leads to national and global interventions such as closing public spaces, restricting travel and movement. There is concern about the mental health and psycho-social consequences of the pandemic. Interest in limiting the spread of the pandemic is the most important priority around the world, but these new measures have affected routine activities, routines, personal rights and freedoms. These contribute to social disorder, excessive reaction, fear, increased loneliness, depression, suicidal behavior and harmful alcohol consumption. Psychologists are concerned about the risk of an increase in the number of people with alcohol consumption disorders as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. Thus, the decrease in social encounters caused by social isolation may be related to the reduction in alcohol consumption. However, on the other hand, due to new restrictions in everyday life and social activities, more people drink alone, and this drinking style is more dangerous than drinking social alcohol. In addition, high levels of stress due to the current epidemiological situation can lead to increased alcohol consumption. Natural or environmental disasters often lead to mental and behavioral disorders such as depression, anxiety and the consumption of psychoactive substances. Changes in stress and the ability to make bad decisions increase the risk of alcohol consumption due to stress. The literature emphasizes the importance of controlling alcohol consumption during quarantine and notes two possible theories: increased alcohol consumption due to anxiety and depression, or decreased alcohol consumption due to difficulty entering. Some studies show that responses to the COVID-19 pandemic can exacerbate health and social harm associated with drinking at home. However, the relationship between the coronavirus pandemic, lockdown and the potential impact of long-term isolation on health related to alcohol consumption and misuse is still unknown. There are several statistics on the consumption of alcoholic beverages at the time of the pandemic. Copyright © 2022 Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications. All rights reserved.
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Introduction: The use of the internet has become an integral part of everyday life in these modern times of digitalization, especially the lives of adolescents. At the same time, excessive use of the internet has emerged as a significant affliction. However, the impact of Internet addiction has not been well studied in India on these crucial years of life. The objective of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of internet addiction and its association with depression, anxiety and stress among medical students during the COVID -19 pandemic. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted among medical students of Saveetha Medical College, Chennai during the covid-19 pandemic. A pretested, predesigned questionnaire, Young's Internet Addiction Scale, and Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS21) are used in the study. Chi-square test, Fisher's exact test were used to assess the association between internet addiction and depression, anxiety and stress. Result(s): A very high prevalence (72.04%) of internet addiction was observed among the respondents. The primary purposes of using the internet were entertainment (21.30%) and social media (20.80%) followed by academics (18.07%), and a majority (40.13%) reported spending 3-5 hours a day followed by more than 5 hours a day (38.49%). There was a significant association between Internet addiction and depression (odds ratio =8), anxiety (odds ratio=8) and stress (odds ratio=7). Conclusion(s): Internet addiction is a serious issue with huge impacts on mental health. Early intervention therefore is crucial. Copyright © 2022 Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications. All rights reserved.
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Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and confinement have affected access to the health system and have impacted people's mental health, particularly families of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Objective(s): To investigate the perceptions of parents of children with ASD regarding benefits, positive changes, and difficulties in behavioral management at home during the first confinement due to COVID-19 in Chile. Subjects and Methods: We performed an exploratory cross-sectional qualitative study including 118 parents of individuals with ASD aged between 2 and 15 years. An online questionnaire, prepared by a multidisciplinary committee of national experts using Delphi methodology was applied, which contains four open-ended questions related to children's behavior (difficulties, improvements, benefits, and professional support required) during the pan-demic. Result(s): Parents perceived that confinement increased emotional stress for adults and chil-dren, which could exacerbate behavioral problems. The interviewees perceived improvements in child social-affective, individual autonomy, and communication skills. The family and resilience aspects, such as time-sharing that emerged during the pandemic to support children's needs, were appreciated. Parents also reported the need for professional support in behavioral and emotional management during confinement. Conclusion(s): Caregivers value the integration of the family into therapies during confinement. It is necessary to complement these results with additional studies exploring different life contexts of families with children with ASD in Chile and the impacts of long-term confinement. Copyright © 2022, Sociedad Chilena de Pediatria. All rights reserved.
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Prolonged immobilization and bed rest in critically ill patients leads to loss of physical functional ability. Therefore, assessment of physical functional ability during intensive care unit (ICU) stay and at discharge plays a central role in planning early intervention and insti-tuting rehabilitation measures to improve physical function outcomes. Various scales have been developed, modified, and applied to assess functional ability, impairments, and disabilities in ICU patients. The selection of the most appropriate assessment scale depends on the specific patient population, the diagnosis, the phase of rehabilitation and the psychometric properties of the measurement tool. This narrative review aims to describe the various physical function assessment tools applicable to patients in the ICU, to determine the psychometric evidence for reliability and validity, and to summarize the strengths and weaknesses of each of these scales in order to enable clinicians to make an informed choice while selecting outcome variables during rehabilitation of patients in the critical care unit. Copyright © 2022 by Begell House, Inc.
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INTRODUCTION: Acute pulmonary embolism (PE) is the third most common type of cardiovascular disease in the United States, resulting in 60,000-300,000 deaths per year. Hormone use is a well-known risk factor for venous thromboembolism (VTE), including PE, in women. Less is known about the risk of VTE in men using oral hormonal agents. DESCRIPTION: A 69 year old male with a history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, congestive heart failure, traumatic brain injury, post-traumatic stress disorder, vascular dementia, depression, and on medroxyprogesterone 10 mg daily for sexual behavior disorder presented to our hospital with erratic behavior. On admission, he was found to be hypoxic with an oxygen saturation of 86% on room air and a fever of 39.5degree C. He had no previous sick contacts and had a negative COVID-19 PCR test. His chest X-ray showed no acute findings. Oxygen was initiated for hypoxemic respiratory failure at 15 L/min. Laboratory findings included an elevated D-dimer (13.03 mg/L) and his BNP (96 pg/mL) and troponin (6 ng/L) were within normal limits. A CT-PE revealed a large saddle embolus with extension of bilateral lower lobar arteries. There was no evidence of right heart strain and the patient was started on heparin. On day 3 of intensive care unit admission, the patient developed worsening hypoxia requiring high flow nasal cannula of up to 100% and hypotension. Therefore, he was referred for catheter-directed thrombolysis (EkoSonic endovascular system or EKOS). The patient continued to improve clinically and was discharged to a skilled nursing facility after a twelve day hospitalization and was to be continued on apixaban 5 mg twice daily. DISCUSSION: VTEs are a complication of oral contraceptive use and hormone replacement therapy. Unlike progestin-only pills (POPs) contraception, therapeutic POPs have been associated with a 5- to 6-fold increased risk of VTE compared with nonusers. This may possibly reflect a progestin dose-response effect. Medroxyprogesterone may be used for sexual behavior disorders. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of a submassive PE associated with medroxyprogesterone use in a male patient.
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Objectives: Substance use (SU) in minors has become an increasing public concern over the past decade. We hypothesized that SU would increase over time, particularly affecting minors with a history of trauma, suicide attempt, or violence. Method(s): Variables (such as sociodemographics, psychiatric treatment, urine toxicology report, and self-report of substance use) were extracted from the charts of all unique child and adolescent patients admitted to a 17-bed metropolitan inpatient psychiatry unit between June 2018 and November 2021. Statistical analyses included descriptive statistics, chi2 tests, independent t tests, Pearson correlations, and logistic regression. Result(s): Of the 1101 patients admitted, 30% (n = 330) were found to have SU by positive urine toxicology (n = 147) or self-report. Patients with SU were older than those without use (mean age 15.4 vs 13.4 years;p <.001). Significant racial differences were found, with White participants making up 21.8% of the SU population but only 14.1% of the non-SU group (p <.01), and Asian participants making up only 1.2% of the SU group (vs 4.2% without;p <.01). SU patients were more likely to have a history of self-harm (nonsuicidal self-injurious behavior [NSSIB]) or suicide attempt (NSSIB: 64.8% vs 52.%, p <.001;suicide attempt: 41.5% vs 25.7%, p <.001). Patients with SU were less likely to be admitted for aggression (14.5% vs 22.8%;p <.01) and more likely to be admitted for mania (2.4% vs 0.8%;p =.03). Positive predictors of SU were older age (OR = 1.41;95% CI, 1.15-1.72;p <.001), White race (OR = 1.98;95% CI, 1.19-3.29;p <.01), history of an impulsive/behavioral disorder (OR = 1.69;95% CI, 1.03-2.79;p <.04), history of suicide attempt (OR = 1.44;95% CI, 1.04-2.00;p =.03), history of violence (OR = 1.86;95% CI, 1.26-2.75;p <.01), and history of Administration of Children's Services (ACS)/Child Protective Services (CPS) involvement (OR = 1.45;95% CI, 1.03-2.03;p =.03). Gender, other races, history of other diagnoses, trauma history, or history of NSSIB were not found to be significant predictors. Conclusion(s): Our findings are consistent with emerging literature that SU in minors has had a slow increase in the COVID-19 era, particularly seen among White patients, patients of older age, and patients with a history of NSSIB or suicide attempt. While some of our analyses did control for potential confounding factors (logistic regression), further analyses are required to formulate a preventative plan for SU in youth. SUD, ICP, ALC Copyright © 2022
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Introduction: During the course of COVID-19 pandemic, The respiratory system is the most commonly affected while many neuropsychiatric manifestations of the disease have been observed. Objective(s): Emphasize the importance of eliminating the diagnosis of covid 19 infection in a pandemic context face to first episode psychosis. Method(s): Presentation of case report Results: A 29-year-old woman unemployed married with no personal medical history and with psychiatric family history. She wasn't exposed to subject with covid 19 in her family circle. She was admitted in psychiatric care for acute behavioural disorders during five days. On physical examination: she was afebrile, eupneic and tachycardiac. Oxygen saturation was 96% and blood pressure was 100/50 mmHg. Specialized neurological examination was normal and cerebral CT scan was without abnormalities. At the psychiatric interview she was extremely agitated. She was distressed her speech was incoherent. She had auditory and visual hallucinations and a multi-thematic delirium. One day after her admission she died suddenly, the autopsy found positive RT PCR covid test and bilateral basal pneumonia. Conclusion(s): In individuals presenting with new-onset psychosis in areas endemic to COVID-19, consideration should be made for neuropsychiatric manifestations of Covid 19 from where the importance to push the explorations and to test the patients.
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Introduction: The Covid-19 pandemic has significantly changed family dynamics and parents experience greater psychological distress. Conduct problems in young people have increased by 35%. However, it is not known how Covid-19 associated stresses have affected parenting practice, conduct problems, and comorbidities and what additional support is needed for families at risk. Objective(s): This study uses self-report measures and semistructured interviews to examine and explore the impact of Covid-19 on the families of young people with conduct problems and comorbid mental health conditions. Method(s): This is a sequential mixed-methods study. Eligible families with children aged between 11-18 years have participated. One-hundred-and-eighty-two families have completed eight online questionnaires and 12 have participated in semi-structured followup interviews. Result(s): Analyses indicate that parental harshness, warmth, educational background, and employment have a significant impact on Covid-19 exposure and worries, as well as significantly higher scores of conduct disorder symptoms. Interview codes reveal that young peoples' behaviour became more severe during the pandemic, and this was associated with reduced in-person support services, reduced personal space at home, and parents taking on the additional role of educator. Conclusion(s): The findings suggest that Covid-19 is a significant risk factor to young people with conduct problems and their families. For example, reduced parental warmth and increased parental harshness increased conduct problems for young people during the lockdown. This study highlights that policies and services should work to better support such families. Future online psychosocial interventions are needed to empower families and improve parenting practice at home during the lockdown period and in general.
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Introduction: The municipality of Leganes has been very vulnerable to the effects of the crisis derived from the COVID-19 pandemic (both due to the incidence of the infection and the socioeconomic situation). Multiple studies show that children and adolescents, especially those with a psychiatric background, have been one of the most affected groups during the confinement. Objective(s): Firstly, to describe the characteristics of clinical care at the Child/Youth Mental Health Centre of Leganes (Madrid) during the first lockdown (March-June 2020). Secondly, to present data on the clinical evolution of the patients along this period (n = 720). Method(s): Descriptive study and literature review. Result(s): Clinical care during the period of strict confinement was mainly by telephone, although the most serious cases were attended in person. In addition, referral to Intensive outpatient programs was interrupted. The results show 56% of patients remained stable. Anxious symptoms (35%) and behavioural disturbances (24%) were most frequently referred (Figure 1), It is noteworthy that the most critical cases (such as suicide attempts or domestic violence) were observed in adolescents and that at least 11% of patients increased their use of electronic devices. Conclusion(s): The first confinement stage was particularly stressful for families and especially for children and adolescents, although most patients remained psychopathologically stable. However, other studies have found a significant increase in child and adolescent mental health problems during the following months (de-escalation stage).
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Introduction: There is growing concern about how people with eating disorders are impacted by the widespread societal restructuring during the COVID-19 crisis. Objective(s): We aimed to examine how factors relating to the impact of the pandemic associate with eating disorders and quantify this relationship while adjusting for concurrent and longitudinal parameters of risk. Method(s): We gathered demographic, behavioral and clinical data pre- and mid-pandemic as well as childhood trauma history from a longitudinal online survey of 489 adults (mean age 23.4 years) recruited from the Neuroscience in Psychiatry Network (NSPN). Using pre-pandemic (T1) and concurrent (T2) data we aimed to predict eating disorders at mid-pandemic (T2). We deployed hierarchical generalized logistic regression to ascertain the strength of longitudinal and concurrent associations. Result(s): Pre-pandemic eating disorder scores strongly associated with concurrent eating disorder (z=5.93). More conflict at home mid-pandemic (z=2.03), pre- (lower sensation seeking z=-2.58) and mid-pandemic (higher lack of perseverance z=2.33) impulsivity traits also associated with mid-pandemic eating disorder. Significant correlations between pandemic-related disrupted lifestyle and eating disorder psychopathology both pre- and mid-pandemic were observed. Conclusion(s): Conflict at home mid-pandemic and specific aspects of impulsiveness significantly associated with concurrent eating disorder when adjusted for pre-pandemic eating disorder symptoms, baseline demographics, behavioral traits, history of traumatic experiences and concurrent psychopathology. These results provide insight into the struggles of those suffering with eating disorders during the COVID-19 pandemic and highlight the importance of impulsiveness traits and the immediate family environment in their experience of illness during the pandemic.
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The COVID-19 pandemic is causing a heavy increase in the incidence of development/exacerbation of mental disorders in healthcare workers. The relevance and importance of early detection of predisposition to the development of mental disorders is increasing not only among practicing physicians, but also among clinical residents and students of medical universities. Objective(s): to assess the emotional state in different groups of medical workers and medical students. Patients and methods. The study involved 110 doctors of both sexes, including 64 (68.2%) women and 46 (41.8%) men aged 26-40 years who took upgrade training courses at the RUDN University departments;108 residents of the second year of study aged 24-26, of which 67 (62.1%) women and 41 (37.9%) men, and 43 students of the 1st year of RUDN University aged 17-19, of which 29 (67.4%) women and 14 (32.6%) men. The study was conducted in February-May 2021. The research methods included questionnaires and psychometric assessment of the condition of the subjects and statistical data processing. Results and discussion. We documented a high frequency of signs of psychopathological disorders such as anxiety (44.5%), depression (23.6%), asthenia (86.4%) and eating behavior disorders (up to 68.2%) among practicing physicians of various specialties and students (residents and students) during pandemic. Conclusion. The stressful impact of the pandemic on the work and training of medical professionals leads to a deterioration in their mental health. Copyright © 2022 Ima-Press Publishing House. All rights reserved.